Abstract: According to the problem about medical DR image that contrast is reduced,edge is vague,details are buried,it is short of adaptive enhancement,method of medical DR image adaptive enhancement based on quantum glowworm and gain Beta is proposed.A gain Beta transformation method is put forward aiming at the shortage of traditionalBeta transformation.A dichotomy category determination method and parameter constraint revision method applied to gain Beta transformation are given.In order to realize the adaptive enhancement,aquantum glowworm swarm algorithm based on quantum computation and glowworm swarm algorithm is proposed.A HHCE image enhancement quality evaluation criteria is defined,and it is used as fitness function of this algorithm.Optimal enhancement parameters of gain Beta transformation applied to medical DR image adaptive enhancement are computed fleetly and precisely.Simulation experiment on this method about medical DR image shows that contrast is raised,edge and details are clearer,adaptive enhancement on different kinds of medical DR images is realized.