Abstract: The development of wireless sensor networks is restricted by energy consumption and communication quality. But reasonable node deployment can reduce energy consumption and promote network communication. In this paper, a distribution optimization strategy of WSN nodes based on ant colony algorithm, virtual material force and centroid algorithm is proposed. Firstly, ant colony algorithm is used to select nodes with reasonable number and location, and transforming the node optimization model into a simple linear model. Secondly, we use the algorithm of quasi physical force to optimize the location of the selected nodes. Finally, we combine with the exclusive characteristics of Voronoi diagrams between points and points to precise location accuracy of nodes using centroid algorithm. And experimental simulation results show that, the optimization strategy can reduce nodes redundancy in WSN, and improve the coverage efficiency of network nodes on the basis of improving the coverage rate of monitoring area.