Abstract: :The fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is simple, fast convergence and high accuracy, so a kind of three-dimensional localization algorithm based on FOA is put forward.The error of distance in three-dimensional between the unknown node and beacon node is expanded in a Taylor series as the fitness function of FOA. Relying on the strong global search ability and independent optimization ability of FOA, the most close to the actual value in each set of coordinates can be get; Through the algorithm of iterative comparison, choose the optimal coordinates from retain value. The simulation results show that the three-dimensional localization algorithm has the advantages of high precision, low computational complexity and good robustness; Compared with localization algorithm based on PSO, showing that localization algorithm based on FOA is effected by the changes of beacon nodes and the communication distance very small, this can verify the practicability of the algorithm.