Abstract: Aiming at the problem that standard cuckoo search algorithm using Levy flight mechanism to generate a new bird nest which makes the location of updated bird nest more randomly, a new cuckoo search algorithm based on ant colony algorithm optimization was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the location of the nest to be updated was used as a group of initial solutions of ant colony optimization algorithm to search and optimize in a minimal range in the proposed algorithm. After that, the solution optimized by the ant colony optimization algorithm was considered as a new candidate solution. And if the candidate solution optimized by the ant colony optimization algorithm was better than the candidate solution generated by Levy flight, the solution generated by Levy flight should be replaced with the candidate solution optimized by the ant colony optimization algorithm. At last, the optimal operator of the cuckoo search algorithm was used to replace the new nest location according to the abandoned probability, which could make the updated nest location more inclined to the optimal solution. The searching performance of proposed algorithm was compared with the standard cuckoo algorithm through six typical testing functions. Testing experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the quality of the candidate solution of the cuckoo search algorithm and improve the convergence speed and the accuracy of the algorithm.