Abstract: Based on a detailed analysis of the requirements of the internet of things reliability under low-carbon supply chains environment, this paper proposes an improved random Hash lock protocol of RFID to suit supply chains. Proved by the experiment based on the ROM security theory, the protocol can solve the security problems of access certification, anonymous security, anti retransmission, anti-tracking, data accountability, efficiency and cost, and improve the credibility of internet of things under low-carbon supply chains environment effectively.